Status	Stage
New Updated	Protocol Review

• Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis
• Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock
• Adrenaline auto-injectors for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without cardiovascular collapse in the community
• Aerosolized prostacyclins for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients
• Anaesthetic and sedative agents used for electrical cardioversion
• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID-19
• Anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
• Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill patients
• Antithrombin III for critically ill patients
• Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients
• Automated versus non-automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and children
• Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non-automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults
• Automated weaning and spontaneous breathing trial systems versus non-automated weaning strategies for discontinuation time in invasively ventilated postoperative adults
• Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis
• BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit and its impact on clinical outcomes and resource utilization
• Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children
• Capnography versus standard monitoring for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
• Care bundles for improving outcomes in patients with COVID-19 or related conditions in intensive care – a rapid scoping review
• Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter-related infections in adults
• Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection
• Central venous catheter (CVC) removal for patients of all ages with candidaemia
• Chest ultrasonography versus supine chest radiography for diagnosis of pneumothorax in trauma patients in the emergency department
• Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients
• Cognitive training for prevention of cognitive impairment in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients
• Community first responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children
• Computed tomography (CT) angiography for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of brain death
• Conservative versus interventional management for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
• Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
• Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults
• Cough augmentation techniques for extubation or weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation
• Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation
• De-escalation of antimicrobial treatment for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
• Diaries for recovery from critical illness
• Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting
• Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults
• Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit
• Early spontaneous breathing for acute respiratory distress syndrome in individuals with COVID-19
• Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults
• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients
• Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
• Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines
• Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit
• Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults
• Factors that impact on the use of mechanical ventilation weaning protocols in critically ill adults and children: a qualitative evidence-synthesis
• Family presence during resuscitation
• Fibrinogen concentrate in bleeding patients
• Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis
• Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults
• H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock
• Harms of off-label erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for critically ill people
• Heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidifiers for mechanically ventilated adults and children
• Heparin versus normal saline for patency of arterial lines
• High versus low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
• High-flow nasal cannula therapy for respiratory support in children
• High-flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients
• High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome
• High-volume haemofiltration for sepsis in adults
• Higher versus lower blood pressure targets in adults with shock
• Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the intensive care unit
• Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and septic shock in adult and paediatric patients
• Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest
• Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest
• Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults
• Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults
• Interleukin-1 blocking agents for treating COVID-19
• Interleukin-6 blocking agents for treating COVID-19: a living systematic review
• Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 1. Commonly-used classes of drugs
• Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs
• Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non-pharmacological interventions
• Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults
• Interventions for restoring patency of occluded central venous catheter lumens
• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a living mapping of research and living network meta-analysis
• Interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: a living network meta-analysis
• Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness
• Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
• Ketamine and propofol in combination for adult procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department
• Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adults
• Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients
• Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock
• Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit
• Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in critical care units
• Midazolam for sedation before procedures
• Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients
• N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults
• Neuromuscular blocking agents for acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit
• Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure
• Nutritional support for critically ill children
• Optimal timing for intravascular administration set replacement
• Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a rapid review
• Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive care and operating theatre environments
• Parenteral medication for the management of acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) in the emergency department
• Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy
• Peripheral venous blood gas analysis versus arterial blood gas analysis for the diagnosis of respiratory failure and metabolic disturbance in adults
• Permissive hypoxaemia versus normoxaemia for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
• Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults
• Plasma interleukin-6 concentration for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults
• Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults
• Pre-hospital versus in-hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
• Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically-ill adults
• Pressure support versus T-tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults
• Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and presepsin for the diagnosis of sepsis in adults and children
• Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults
• Prone position for management of respiratory failure in non-intubated adults
• Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit
• Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non-bleeding patients
• Protocol-directed sedation versus non-protocol-directed sedation in mechanically ventilated intensive care adults and children
• Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill paediatric patients
• Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients
• Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care
• Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness
• Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation
• Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults
• Silver-coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients
• Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
• Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients
• The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments
• Thromboelastography (TEG) or thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemostatic treatment versus usual care in adults or children with bleeding
• Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization
• Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization
• Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation in the paediatric population
• Vascular access specialist teams for device insertion and prevention of failure
• Vasopressors for hypotensive shock
• Strategies to help adults with a breathing tube to communicate

• Anaphylaxis (4)
  • Adrenaline auto-injectors for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without cardiovascular collapse in the community
  • Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock
  • Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis
  • H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock
• Cardiac arrest (7)
  • Community first responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children
  • Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest
  • Family presence during resuscitation
  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • Pre-hospital versus in-hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest
• Coagulation and bleed management (6)
  • Antithrombin III for critically ill patients
  • Thromboelastography (TEG) or thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemostatic treatment versus usual care in adults or children with bleeding
  • Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID-19
  • Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and septic shock in adult and paediatric patients
  • Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non-bleeding patients
  • Fibrinogen concentrate in bleeding patients
• Haemodynamic management (15)
  • Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children
  • Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection
  • Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter-related infections in adults
  • Central venous catheter (CVC) removal for patients of all ages with candidaemia
  • Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock
  • Heparin versus normal saline for patency of arterial lines
  • Interventions for restoring patency of occluded central venous catheter lumens
  • Optimal timing for intravascular administration set replacement
  • Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care
  • Silver-coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients
  • Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization
  • Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization
  • Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation in the paediatric population
  • Vascular access specialist teams for device insertion and prevention of failure
  • Vasopressors for hypotensive shock
• High altitude illness (4)
  • Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non-pharmacological interventions
  • Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 1. Commonly-used classes of drugs
  • Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs
  • Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness
• Hyperbaric therapy (2)
  • Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness
  • Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis
• Miscellaneous (7)
  • Interleukin-1 blocking agents for treating COVID-19
  • Harms of off-label erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for critically ill people
  • Interventions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a living mapping of research and living network meta-analysis
  • Interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: a living network meta-analysis
  • Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting
  • Computed tomography (CT) angiography for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of brain death
  • Care bundles for improving outcomes in patients with COVID-19 or related conditions in intensive care – a rapid scoping review
• Nutrition and metabolic management (8)
  • Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit
  • Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically-ill adults
  • Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults
  • Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults
  • Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults
  • Nutritional support for critically ill children
  • Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults
  • Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults
• Positioning of critically ill individuals (2)
  • Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients
  • Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults
• Rehabilitation, mobilization and exercise (4)
  • Cognitive training for prevention of cognitive impairment in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients
  • Diaries for recovery from critical illness
  • Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit
  • Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness
• Respiratory Management (39)
  • Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Aerosolized prostacyclins for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a rapid review
  • Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients
  • Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy
  • Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Automated versus non-automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and children
  • Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • High versus low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults
  • Heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidifiers for mechanically ventilated adults and children
  • High-flow nasal cannula therapy for respiratory support in children
  • High-flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients
  • High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the intensive care unit
  • Chest ultrasonography versus supine chest radiography for diagnosis of pneumothorax in trauma patients in the emergency department
  • Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive care and operating theatre environments
  • Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adults
  • Permissive hypoxaemia versus normoxaemia for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
  • Neuromuscular blocking agents for acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Conservative versus interventional management for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
  • Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Peripheral venous blood gas analysis versus arterial blood gas analysis for the diagnosis of respiratory failure and metabolic disturbance in adults
  • Cough augmentation techniques for extubation or weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation
  • Prone position for management of respiratory failure in non-intubated adults
  • Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation
  • Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
  • Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non-automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults
  • Strategies to help adults with a breathing tube to communicate
  • Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill paediatric patients
  • Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients
  • Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients
  • Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in critical care units
  • Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults
  • Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure
  • Automated weaning and spontaneous breathing trial systems versus non-automated weaning strategies for discontinuation time in invasively ventilated postoperative adults
  • Factors that impact on the use of mechanical ventilation weaning protocols in critically ill adults and children: a qualitative evidence-synthesis
  • Pressure support versus T-tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults
• Sedation, sleep promotion, delirium (17)
  • Anaesthetic and sedative agents used for electrical cardioversion
  • BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit and its impact on clinical outcomes and resource utilization
  • The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments
  • Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients
  • Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation
  • Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients
  • Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults
  • Ketamine and propofol in combination for adult procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department
  • Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults
  • Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit
  • Midazolam for sedation before procedures
  • Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients
  • Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit
  • Parenteral medication for the management of acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) in the emergency department
  • Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit
  • Protocol-directed sedation versus non-protocol-directed sedation in mechanically ventilated intensive care adults and children
  • Capnography versus standard monitoring for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia
• Septic shock management (13)
  • Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis
  • De-escalation of antimicrobial treatment for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
  • Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill patients
  • Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients
  • Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults
  • High-volume haemofiltration for sepsis in adults
  • Higher versus lower blood pressure targets in adults with shock
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
  • N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults
  • Plasma interleukin-6 concentration for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults
  • Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
  • Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and presepsin for the diagnosis of sepsis in adults and children
  • Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults